• Endocrine-renal regulation of potassium emerges as a core homeostatic axis, with adrenal cortex/corticosteroids modulating renal potassium excretion and tying electrolyte balance to blood pressure and adrenal physiology [18][10][19][9].

• Cardiac-safety and electrolyte homeostasis hinge on rapid potassium shifts and serum levels driven by IV administration and adrenergic influences, revealing tight electrocardiographic and hormonal coupling [2][12].

• Potassium transport across tissues is dissected by studies of muscle accumulation, cat distribution after injection, and isotope-based metabolism, illustrating membrane permeability and intracellular/extracellular gradients [3][8][11][15].

• Clinical contexts reveal potassium dysregulation in disease and therapy: potassium deficiency during diabetic acidosis, hay fever salt studies, and fatal intoxication in renal compromise [13][17][20][1].

• Hypertension models and renal-endocrine signaling connect potassium balance to vascular regulation, with renal ischemia, angiotensin-activation, and renal extracts modulating blood pressure [5][4][7][19].